Newspapers / The University of North … / May 7, 1919, edition 1 / Page 1
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Tlic news in this publica tion is released for the press on receipt. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA NEWS LETTER Published weekly by the University of North Carolina for its Bureau of Extension. MAY 7, 1919 CHAPEL HH.L, N. C. VOL. V, NO. 24 Bdilorial Board ■ H. C. Branson, J. G, deB. Hamilton, L. B. Wilson, D. D. Carroll, G. M. McKie Entered as second-olass matter November 14,1914, at the Postoffloe at Chapel Hill, N, C., under the act of August 24,1912. CHAPEL HILL BEATS PARIS The University Peace Conference, which 4iaa been in session one hour a day dur ing the last twelve weeks in Dr. Kdwin ■tTreenlaw’s Knglish class, came to a close last week. The peace treaty of these young students, including a constitution for the league of states, has just been giv en to the public in a neat little liulletin of 18 pages. It is being widely distribu- uted over the campus and outside parties can secure copies upon I’equest. The bulletin is the decidedly unique, distinct, and praiseworthy achievement of a group of college students who voted to organize themselves into a peace confer ence to work out a treaty all their own. This novel college organization has caused much interesting speculation and favorable comment on the campus. The University delegates representing the 23 countries in the Peace Conference have beaten the European statesmen in the formulation of a treaty; they have their .league constitution completed before the Paris instrument is made public. They have not copied the Paris conference, but on the other hand have worked out their own solutions. The work was under the direction of Dr. Edwin Greenlaw, who was in charge ■of the class. E. S. Lindsey was president of tire conference, while R. W. Madry and F. G. Miles were secretaries.—The Gbapel HiU News. pleted the draft of a peace treaty, includ ing a constitution of the league of states— a unique direction of collegiate activities W'hicli has produced some remarkable re sults. Text of treaty and league constitu tion as wrought out by these gentlemen is published entire elsewhere in this pa per. The significance will not be over looked ol the fact that the constitution of the league of nations was formed by the university conference prior to the an nouncement of tile Paris constitution. There will be found a number of extra ordinary features in this wdrk of the English students, notably section 4 of ar ticle I of the treaty; the first part of ar ticle 3, dealing w'ith reparations; articles 5, 6, and 8, the opening paragraphs of the league constitution. Those who have preserved copies of the original draft from Paris will find no end of interest in the comparison therewith of these young men’s work, and the w'hole should be preserved for comparison with the com pleted task of the Paris congress.—Greens boro News. A CAMPUS PEACE TREATY The close relation of campus and school activities with the affairs of life outside was one of President Graham’s vital ideas. It is brilliantly embodied by the Eng lish 21 Peace Conference and its director Dr. Edwin Greenlaw, in its Peace Treaty an4 Constitution of the League of States. The document is distinguished by the lack of involved, inverted, and obscure Eaglisb. The hoary mannerisms of tlie professional constitution writers are ab sent. It is written, indeed, in a rarely clear, pointed, and concise style, and it discards wliat Mr. Taft calls the patois of ancient diplomacy. Just such work as this iu our college departments should Again produce writers capable of the matchless simplicity of Franklin, the lum inous clearness of Hamilton and the so norous splendors of Jefferson. The student members of the conference demon,strate familiarity with the debates at-i'aris and editorial opinion the world «vcr. They evidence the disposition of youth to temper justice with mercy in ec onomic re-adjustments. They believe in international fair play and good-will. Each individual nation—says the campus treaty—shall determine according to its usual methods its economic policy towards Getojauy and her Allies. Economic pol icy is here defined as policy with respect to free trade, open markets, free water ways, commercial boycotts, tariffs, and the like. ,Speaking of Russia tiie instrument says Tliiii commission shall extend to any gov- eninicnt in Russia any economic support it may deem necessary, provided such government will assimre responsibility for its luternational obligations, and can tur- H)nb satisfactory credit. Wilti the dauntless courage of youth tlc'KC young men propose the creation of a sovereign super-state commanding all the armies and navies of tlie world, wliicli sltail stand, ready upon the instant to stiaiik any obstreperous nation, big or little. 1 f the statesmen of the Paris Conference o»ul«l agree to heed sucli college-man opinion as this they miglit perchance save thousands of lives and fabulous sums •of gold.—E. N. A UNIQUE COLLEGE PRODUCT The Greensboro News of Sunday April 20 re-prints in full the text of the Peace Treaty formed by university students in a conference of their own, and comments on it as follows: January 5 the members of Dr. iidwin Greenlaw's class in English composition at the University of North Carolina resolved themselves into a peace conference, and froai that time until April 1, meeting in five hour periods each week, they com- NEW UNIVERSITY COURSES North Carolina is moving into conspic uous leadership in the South in public health instruction and sanitary engineer ing. The University is next year offer ing courses that will greatly re-inforce the wonderful work that the State Health Board is doing through its secretary, Dr. W. S. Rankin—whose name and fame, by the way, is more than local, it is na tion-wide, as a matter of fact. Professor Thorndike Saville’s courses in these subjects number eight. Four of them are new here, and so far as we know they are the first of their sort offer ed by any Southern college. They will appear in full in the 1919-20 catalogue of the University, which is now going to the printers. At present we are selecting and itemiz ing in brief fashion the public health and sanitary engineering details that will at tract the attention of public health offi cials and civic minded people in general. As follows; (1) communicable diseases, causes and control, (2) sanitary science, origin and development, (3) flood con trol, drainage reclamation, and malaria prevention, (4) water supply and purifica tion, garbage and refuse disposal, sewer age and sewage systems, and so on. The country end of all these problems has a large place in professor Saville’s mind, and properly so because 79 percent of our people dwell in the open country outside towns and villages of any sort or size whatsoever. Rural sani tation and health are just about four- fifths of the whole problem in North Car- lina, Farmers who are concerned about com forts, conveniences, and health condi tions in country homes will do well to write Professor Saville about domes tic systems of lighting, running water for kitchens, bathrooms, inside toilet seats, sewage disposal, and the like. Tlie selective draft revealed the amaz ing fact that the country is not, as we had long thought, the safest place in the world to rear children in. Tlie health and physical vigor of city-born boys was shown to be far better than that of the boys born and reared in the country. Our North Carolina country people need to give far greater attention than heretofore to health conditions in tlie countryside. The University is ofFeriiig itself freely to country and city homes alike, and it w'ill like to be used in behalf of better health conditions everywhere in the state. WILSON’S CALL SAFE OUTSIDE TOILETS Warm weather is here. Flies are breed ing. Do you let flies carry fecal matter from your privy to your table, or do you prevent it by having a sanitary privy Do you expose your baby to diarrheal dis eases and your family to typhoid fever and dysentery by having an open privy which can be reached by flies or that drains into your well, or do you prevent this by having a sanitary privy? The State Plealth Board at Raleigh will send you upon request working plans for an inexpensive sanitary privy. Don’t let your privy be an eyesore to your neigh bors and a menace to liealth.—T. S. President Wilson’s appeal to the American people in behalf of the Vic tory Loan follow’S: For two anxious years the American people have striven to fulfil the task of saving our civilization. By the ex ertion of unmeasured power they have quickly won the victory without which they would have remained in the field until the last resource had been ex hausted. Bringing to the contest a strength of spirit made doubly strong by the righteousness of their cause,, they devoted themselves unswervingly to the prosecution of their undertak ing in the full knowledge that no con quest lay in their path excepting the conquest of right. Today the world stands freed from the threat of militarism which lias so long weighed upon the spirit and the labor of peaceful nations. But as yet we stand only at the threshold of hajipier times. To enter we must fulfil to the utmost the en gagements we have made. The ^’ic- tory Liberty Loan is the indispensable means. Two years ago we pledged our lives and fortunes to the cause for which we fought. Sixty tfiousand of our strongest sons have redeemed for us that pledge of blood. To redeem in full faith the promise of this sacrifice we now must give this new evidence of our purpose. UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION LETTER SERIES NO. 167 FACTS about high SCHOOLS Perhaps no measure of the popularity of high sciiools and of the essential part they play in our national scheme of pub lic education is more impressive than a numerical statement concerning them over a twenty-five year period. Public 1890 1915 Number of schools 2,771 11,074 Number of pupils 211,596 1,328,984 Number of teachers 8,270 62,519 Pupils per 100 total pop ulation .34 1.29 Private Number of schools 1,714 2,248 Number of pupils 98,400 155,044 Number of teachers 6,231 14,026 Pupils per 100 total pop ulation .16 .15 All Number of schools 4,485 13,922 Number of pupils 309,996 1,4S4,028 Number of teachers 14,501 76,545 Pupils per 100 total pop ulation .5 1.44 These figures are very impressive as showing to what an increased extent we as a nation have realized the wisdom of providing educational advantages for our children beyond a bare knowledge of the three R’>s. They are further impressive as showing the, increasing willingness of the people of the United States to provide these ad vantages out of the public school funds, instead of depending upon private enter- jirise and initiative to furnish advanced educational opportunity. Practically one individual out of every seventy-five in our total population is at tending a public secondary school of some sort and just about one-half of all chil dren between the ages of fourteen and eighteen are now in school. What of those not in school? How dies your district compare? high to low according to the number of percents or points of gain or loss in ‘ church membership ratios, between 1906 and 1916. Students of church affairs are reminded that this is the fourth article and table on North Carolina church membership, in recent issues of the University News Letter. The others appear in Vol. V Nos. 14, 15, and 21. They can be had free of charge by addressing a postcard to the editor. Moreover, we should be glad to have on onr mailing list every one of the min- THE NORTH CAROLINA CLUB isters in cliarge of the 10,000 churches in this state. We have long believed that none of our problems of life and business can be safely solved without the seerahip and leadership of the preachers and churches. The News Letter goes weekly free of charge to anybody that writes for it. May we add that we expect our readers to notify us promptly of changes in their postoflice addresses. It is a courtesy that will save our mailing clerk endless trouble. Without such notices the names are stricken from our mailing list. Public ownership of water systems and private ownership of gas, electric light ing, and street transportation plants in North Carolina towns were advocated by Dr. Charles L. Paper, of the department of economics of the University faculty, in an address before the regular fortnightly meeting of the North Carolina club last week. Following Dr. Paper’s talk, Thom as J. Brawley, of Gastonia, and M. M. Jernigan, of Dunn, ably led discussions of the topics under consideration. Although Dr. Paper is strongly in favor of continued private operation of street transportation and electric lighting in North Carolina towns, lie believes that the state legislature at an early date should provide for an efficient and sane system of state control of the power companies, so as to protect the towns and their citizens against unfair treatment in service or rates. He also believes that the federal government should provide for a sane and effective control of the great power plants which now operate across state lines. The speaker discussed at length the problems of ownership and control in connection with the electric transporta tion and lighting systems. Private oper ation of these systems in North Carolina towns holds out greater promise of effi ciency and economy, lie said. Many of tlie larger towns are not far distant from one of the large power companies which control much of tlie water power within the state. These companies can produce power for public and private use at a cost far below what is possible to any one city. These companies can command the credit with which to finance adequate power plants for street transportation and industrial uses, as well as lighting. Their credit is more abundant than that of our best towns, for most of the credit of our towns must go to street improve' ment, sewerage, water, schools, etc. These companies, he showed, can also command the best talent of management. —R. W. Madry. CHURCH MEMBERSHIP IN CAROLINA Ten-Year Gains and Losses, 1906 to 1916 A comparison of the church membership ratios published in the in the University News Letter, Vol. I, No. 28 and Vol. V, No. 21; which tables were figured out of the 1906 and the 1916 Censuses of Religious Bodies in the United States. Points mean percents of gain or loss between 1906 and 1916. In 1906 fifty-six percent of our population ten years old and over was on the church rolls; in 1916 the percent was 62; a gain of 6 points in ten years. CHURCH MEMBERSHIP GAINS Because of the lively interest of the church authorities of the state, we are giving in this week’s issue a list of (1) the 75 counties that made gains in church membership between 1906 and 1916, (2) the three counties that marked time dur ing these ten years, and (3) the twelve counties that strangely lost ground and fell still further into arrears. The table shows the counties arranged in order from Counties Moving Ahead Rank Counties Points Gained 1. Caswell 26 2. .Ushe • 23 2. Forsyth 23 4. Richmond 22 5. Tyrrell 20 5. Iredell 20 5. Alleghany 20 8. Jones 19 9. Alexander.' 16 9. New Hanover 16 9. Buncombe . 16 12. Graham 15 13. Polk 14 13. Wayne 14 15. Rowan 13 15. Person 13 15. Macon t 13 15. Surry 13 19. Camden 12 19. Henderson 12 19. Cherokee 12 22. Wake 11 22. Durham H 22. Montgomery 11 22. Carteret H 26. Rutherford 10 26. Orange 10 26. Swain 10 29. Catawba 9 29. Columbus 9 29. Wilkes 9 29. Nash 9 33. Franklin 8 33. Bladen 8 33. Transylvania 8 33. Martin 8 33. Stokes 8 33. Edgecombe 8 39. Dare 7 39. Alamance 7 39. Gaston 7 39. Onslow 7 39. Haywood 7 44. Davidson 6 44. Stanly 6 44. Randolph 6 Rank Counties Points Gained 44. Yadkin 6 44. McDowell 6 44. Johnston 6 44. Rockingham 6 51. Scotland 5 51; Harnett 5 53. Bertie 4 53. Pasquotank 4 53. Lincoln 4 53. Washington 4 53. Cabarrus 4 53. Craven 4 53. Lenoir 4 60. Pender 3 60. Anson 3 60. Clay 3 60. Wilson 3 64. Chowan 2 64. Granville 2 64. Union 2 64. Madison 2 64. Jfitt 2 69. Northampton 1 69. Gates 1 69. Cur/ituck 1 69. Davie 1 69. Halifax 1 69, Guilford 1 69. Brunswick 1 Counties MarKing Time 76. Perquimans 0 76. Mecklenburg 0 76. Jackson 0 Counties Losing Ground 79. Vance 1 SO. Warren 2 80. Pamlico 2 80. Sampson 2 80. Beaufort 2 80. Burke 2 85. Hertford 3 85. Cleveland 3 87. Greene 5 88. Hyde... 6 89. Duplin 7 90. Yancey 8 The following counties are omitted for lack of authoritative population figures due to the formation of new counties and the changes in territory of old counties since 1910; Avery, Hoke, Caldwell, Chatham, Cumberland, Lee, Mitchell, Moore, Robeson, and Watauga.
The University of North Carolina News Letter (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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May 7, 1919, edition 1
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